This dissertation aims at knowing and understanding the relations of black children in daily school life in a public school in the municipality of Niterói. The main theoretical references used were the multicultural and intercultural studies carried out, as well as research regarding ethnic-racial relations within the school, with a focus on black children. For the analysis of the ethnographic study, authors in the fields of anthropology and child sociology as well as sociological studies on childhood were chosen. The field research, with a qualitative approach and ethnographic nature, was conducted in the first semester of 2008, by daily systematic observations of a class room, four days a week, during five months, and also of other school areas, such as hall, recreational area, cafeteria, entrance and exit gates, etc., as well as via interviews with school faculty members and informal dialogues with the children. The class was composed by 28 students, between the ages of 7 and 14, of the first year of elementary school.