For a better understanding the Emmanuel Lévinas thought is necessary to contextualize them at the horizon of the century XX events. Across the two world wars, the crisis of the reason and the human studies, the scientific and technological advancement, the trivialization of the evil, the indifference and the disrespect to the life led Emmanuel Lévinas to rethink the ethics - subject that appears progressively in his work. After to prepare a radical criticism to the ontology - which he calls of philosophy of the injustice because of this reduced other to the same thing - Emmanuel Lévinas proclaims that the ethics is the first philosophy and is translated in the infinite responsibility of myself for other. As a result, the justice for Lévinas expresses in an unconditional and irrefutable responsibility of myself not only for other, myself also for all others which able to break with the selfishness and the contemporary lessons and to provide conditions of which the humanity reaches his true essence of solidarity and fraternity.