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Título: MIXTURES BIS-(2-HYDROXYETHYL) COCOALKYLAMINE (C12) AND OTHER SURFACTANTS TO OBTAIN STABLE FOAMS CONTAINING CO2 UNDER SALINITY, HIGH PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS
Autor: VINICIUS DE JESUS TOWESEND
Colaborador(es): AURORA PEREZ GRAMATGES - Orientador
LUCAS GOMES PEDRONI - Coorientador
Catalogação: 22/NOV/2022 Língua(s): PORTUGUESE - BRAZIL
Tipo: TEXT Subtipo: THESIS
Notas: [pt] Todos os dados constantes dos documentos são de inteira responsabilidade de seus autores. Os dados utilizados nas descrições dos documentos estão em conformidade com os sistemas da administração da PUC-Rio.
[en] All data contained in the documents are the sole responsibility of the authors. The data used in the descriptions of the documents are in conformity with the systems of the administration of PUC-Rio.
Referência(s): [pt] https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/projetosEspeciais/ETDs/consultas/conteudo.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=61329&idi=1
[en] https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/projetosEspeciais/ETDs/consultas/conteudo.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=61329&idi=2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17771/PUCRio.acad.61329
Resumo:
The use of CO2-foams in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications requires the formation of stable foams under harsh reservoir conditions, such as brines containing divalent cations, high temperature and pressure and a wide pH range. In this context, pH-responsive surfactants that behave as nonionic surfactants in a basic medium (absence of CO2), and are converted to cationic species under acidic conditions (presence of CO2), have been shown to be a suitable alternative for foaming formulations used in CO2-based EOR methods. The bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) cocoalkylamine (C12) has been reported as a promising pH-responsive surfactant (pKa = 6.4), with great potential for this type of applications. However, there is limited work on the properties of C12 foams under different pH conditions, especially in the nonionic state of the surfactant. This work aimed to study the behavior of this surfactant in mixtures, aiming to improve its foaming properties through synergy effects at the interface. For this, different properties of C12 were studied, such as phase behavior, interfacial properties, and foam behavior, in individual formulations and in mixtures with other surfactants. These data were correlated with the individual behavior of C12 under different conditions (pH, temperature, pressure, mixtures of different compositions). It was observed that under basic conditions phase separation occurs, while the foamability and stability of C12 foams in the cationic state (pH less than pKa) were higher compared to the nonionic state (pH bigger then pKa). For mixtures of C12 with other surfactants (sodium olefin sulfonate, AOS; ethoxylated alkylamine, TFA20; and cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, CAHS), formulations containing CAHS promoted an improvement in the solubility of C12 at alkaline pH, extending its applicability, and were the only ones to exhibit significant synergy in terms of surface tension reduction and foam stabilization. The interfacial synergy between C12 and CAHS was confirmed by the negative value of the interaction parameter. The synergistic effect on foam stability was also observed under high pressure (100 bar) and high temperature (65 degrees C) conditions, evidenced by the decrease in the bubble growth rate obtained with the C12:CAHS mixture (1:2) in relation to the individual components, which indicates a reduction of the Ostwald ripening and coalescence. The results obtained in this study showed the potential use of synergistic mixtures of surfactants to adjust the solubility and properties of foams with pH-responsive surfactants for better performance in foam-based EOR methods, under high pressure and high temperature conditions.
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