The purpose of this work is challenging the current human rights framework, demonstrating its contradictions, as well as rethinking it under a new perspective, in a manner to reactivate the political struggle of those rights. For this purpose, this work has been split into three different sections. The first one presents the paradoxes between the theory and practice of human rights, having as main reference the thoughts of the Greek legal scholar Costas Douzinas. The second section examines the critics posed by Burke, Marx and Arendt to the traditional human rights theory, thereby clarifying the foundations of its contradictions. The third section aims at establishing a new human rights perspective, in light of Jaques Rancière thinking.