Issues concerning renewable energies have been considered very important in Brazil and are now being the arena of many local political and economic discussions. In spite of being the biodiesel deeply investigated, regional characteristics of this biofuel have not been enough analyzed. Therefore, this master dissertation contributes to the analysis of the transition of specific and punctual studies that regard production and transformation techniques, to an agroindustrial scenario that allows the creation of an organized structure for production and distribution of biodiesel along its productive chain. Within this context, this dissertation aims: (1) to analyze the biodiesel productive chain, embracing agricultural areas, oil extraction plants, and fuel distribution bases, as well as the storage and transport of raw material, oils and biodiesel; (2) to develop a simulation model that evaluates the economic feasibility of this chain. 52 scenarios were simulated for the production of biodiesel in Bahia from the following oils: dende palm, castor, soybean, and cotton. The final cost obtained for this biofuel was smaller than the lowest value obtained in the four biodiesel auctions carried out recently in Brazil (R.74 per liter) in 12 of the 13 scenarios simulated for the dende palm oil; in 13 of the 13 simulated for the soybean oil; in 12 of the 22 scenarios simulated for the castor oil; and in 4 of the 4 scenarios simulated for the cotton oil. As a result, the findings obtained point to the competitiveness of this productive chain in Bahia.