[pt] TRATAMENTO E REUSO DE EFLUENTES INDUSTRIAIS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO RIO DE JANEIRO

[en] TREATMENT AND REUSE OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS: A CASE STUDY IN RIO DE JANEIRO

[pt] GABRIELA FERREIRA PAGANI

[pt] NORMA TECNICA

[pt] REUSO DE EFLUENTE

[pt] TRATAMENTO DE AGUA

[en] TECHNICAL STANDARD

[en] EFFLUENT REUSE

[en] WATER TREATMENT

[pt] Diante da crescente demanda por água e da necessidade de minimizar o impacto ambiental, o reuso de efluentes se apresenta como uma solução sustentável para indústrias do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. No entanto, sua implementação enfrenta barreiras técnicas, regulatórias e econômicas. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar o nível de preparação de indústrias para o reuso, analisando seus sistemas de tratamento e parâmetros de qualidade, além de propor diretrizes para adequação tecnológica e normativa. A metodologia envolveu a análise de seis indústrias de diferentes setores, comparando seus processos de tratamento com os requisitos da NBR 13.969/1997 para reuso em quatro classes distintas. Foram avaliados parâmetros como turbidez, coliformes fecais, pH, sólidos dissolvidos totais e cloro residual. Os resultados mostraram que todas as indústrias realizam tratamento aeróbio, mas nenhuma implementa desinfecção, impedindo o reuso em classes mais restritivas. Além disso, a maioria não monitora parâmetros essenciais, dificultando a adequação normativa. Conclui-se que melhorias em filtração, desinfecção e monitoramento são essenciais para viabilizar o reuso de efluentes, garantindo sustentabilidade hídrica e conformidade ambiental.

[en] The growing demand for water resources has intensified pressure on water sources around the world, putting sustainability and water availability at risk for various economic sectors. According to data from the FAO (2021), global water stress has already reached 18.55 percent, with the agricultural sector being the main contributor at 13.27 percent, followed by urban and industrial use. Although the industrial sector accounts for a smaller share (2.79 percent), its impact is significant, especially in urbanized and densely populated regions, such as Brazil. Urban supply is the second largest consumer of water in the country, accounting for approximately 23 percent of total water withdrawals in 2023 (ANA, 2024). Population growth and urban expansion have intensified conflicts over water use, requiring ongoing investments in infrastructure for collection, treatment, and distribution. Integrated and efficient water resource management has thus become an increasingly urgent challenge. In response to this scenario, the United Nations 2030 Agenda proposes strengthening international cooperation and expanding local capacities to implement sustainable water management practices. These practices include desalination, water harvesting, wastewater treatment, water use efficiency, and, notably, the reuse of effluents. In this context, the reuse of industrial effluents emerges as a fundamental strategy to reduce the burden on water sources, while also aligning with the principles of the circular economy. Applying the circular economy to the sanitation sector allows the transformation of waste generated in wastewater treatment plants into valuable resources. After appropriate treatment, reclaimed water can be used in various non-potable activities such as irrigation, cleaning of external areas, toilet flushing, industrial cooling systems, among others. This practice not only reduces pressure on water bodies but also lowers operational costs for companies and enhances water resilience in the regions involved. In Brazil, one of the most relevant large-scale reuse initiatives is the Aquapolo Project, considered the largest in South America and one of the largest in the world. A result of a partnership between Sabesp and GS Inima Industrial, the project can produce up to 1,000 L/s of reclaimed water, sourced from treated sewage at the ABC wastewater treatment plants. This water is supplied to the Capuava Petrochemical Complex and other industries in the ABC Paulista region, fully replacing the use of potable water with reclaimed water. This initiative represents a concrete example of innovation and sustainability in water resource management. On the international stage, Singapore s NEWater program stands out as a consolidated model of effluent reuse for industrial and commercial purposes. Developed by the Public Utilities Board (PUB) of Singapore, the program combines advanced technologies such as microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. The system is capable of supplying water for industrial processes and for reservoir recharge, increasing the country s water self-sufficiency and reducing its vulnerability to extreme climate events.

ANTONIO KRISHNAMURTI BELENO DE OLIVEIRA

CHRISTIANE DIAS PEREIRA

JULIANA LOBO PAES

ANTONIO KRISHNAMURTI BELENO DE OLIVEIRA

CHRISTIANE DIAS PEREIRA

CAMILA PESCI PEREIRA

2025-08-13

2025-04-25

[pt] TEXTO

application/pdf

PORTUGUÊS

https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/colecao.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=72410@1

https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/colecao.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=72410@2

https://doi.org/10.17771/PUCRio.acad.72410