[en] ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION IN SLUMS: CASE OF THE BEIRA-RIO COMMUNITY

[pt] SANEAMENTO AMBIENTAL EM FAVELAS: CASO DA FAVELA BEIRA RIO, RIO DE JANEIRO

[pt] JULIANA FERNANDES FARIAS

[pt] DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTAVEL

[pt] GESTAO AMBIENTAL URBANA

[pt] SANEAMENTO AMBIENTAL

[pt] SUSTENTABILIDADE

[en] SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

[en] URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

[en] ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION

[en] SUSTAINABILITY

[pt] A Agenda 2030, da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) é um plano de ação para as pessoas, para o planeta e para a prosperidade, composta por 17 Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). Dentre eles, encontramos assegurar a disponibilidade e gestão sustentável da água e saneamento para todas e todos, e Tornar as cidades e os assentamentos humanos inclusivos, seguros, resilientes e sustentáveis. A gestão urbana tradicional é feita de forma centralizada, baseada em estudos técnicos, que decidem as melhores alternativas a atenderem um problema de uma região. Já o controle social e a descentralização, que são princípios da Lei Federal número 14.026/2020, que estabelece as diretrizes nacionais para o saneamento básico, e da Lei das Águas, Lei Federal número 9.433/97, permitem entender o problema considerando nas soluções urbanísticas as necessidades percebidas pela população afetada pelo problema, e podendo assim melhor adaptar programas de urbanização à realidade local. A partir do levantamento do sistema de saneamento ambiental existente na favela Beira-Rio, localizada na margem do Rio Cortado, na sub-bacia da Lagoa de Jacarepaguá, no bairro Recreio dos Bandeirantes, no município do Rio de Janeiro, e avaliando a participação social, será analisado os resultados dos programas de urbanização no local. Portanto, esta pesquisa se propõe a observar os benefícios que podem ser promovidos em termos de gestão ambiental, planejamento urbano e cidadania, para reduzir o impacto ambiental da favela, atendendo tanto aos ODS mencionados quanto às Leis Federais número 14.026/2020 e número 9.433/97, recuperando a qualidade ambiental naquele trecho do Rio Cortado.

[en] The city of Rio de Janeiro has a historical social inequality between and within its neighborhoods, generating a large negative impact on the lives of its inhabitants. Although its urbanization is old, it still presents several fragile aspects that demand a lot of attention from urban planners, as is the case of parts of the city such as the slums. Even if one observes the creation of several municipal programs aimed at the urbanization of these spaces in the last decades, they have not been able to develop at the pace of the necessary demand. According to information present in the last IBGE census conducted in 2010, along with information presented by the Instituto Pereira Passos (IPP), Rio s favelas had about 1,434,975 inhabitants in 2018, corresponding to 22 percent of the population present in the municipality. A total of 453,571 households were classified as subnormal settlements, equaling 19.28 percent of the total number of households in the city. Besides the urban needs and the preservation of the environment, this problem also includes the so-called DRSAI - Diseases Related to Inadequate Environmental Sanitation. They were defined in a research financed by the National Health Foundation (Funasa) in 2001 and 2002 (MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE, 2010), as cholera, dysentery, hepatitis, among others that are caused by the lack of the necessary sewage treatment and by its inadequate disposal. The estimated expenditure of the Unified Health System (SUS) in the first quarter of 2020, according to a study by the Brazilian Association of Sanitary Engineering (ABES, 2020), with hospitalizations in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro for the care of patients diagnosed with ASDHR was 45,729.47 real, with an average of 31 hospitalizations. The State Company for Water and Sewage (Cedae), which is in the process of privatizing its services, is responsible for sanitation in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, operating six Sewage Treatment Plants (ETE) and two submarine outfalls (CEDAE, 2021). There are also some private stations in condominiums and shopping centers and the data are not disclosed. However, according to the IBGE, in 2010, there were 1,639 households in the city of Rio de Janeiro without a bathroom or toilet, which is extremely harmful to the population s health, and impacts the city s water resources. The volume of sewage collected in the city by Cedae reaches 509,647 m cúbic, and the treated, 339,473 m cubic, about 67 percent (SNIS, 2019), demonstrating that the sewage system is not keeping up with the city s expansion or the growth of its population. Thus, it becomes urgent investments and compatible planning for a quality service provision within Rio s reality. The sanitary sewage system in Barra and Jacarepaguá is already implemented by Cedae in most of the region and connected to the Barra Outfall (CEDAE, 2019). However, there is still an advanced stage of deterioration and eutrophication covering the Lagunar de Jacarepaguá complex. According to the monthly monitoring conducted in the waters of the Lagoa by the State Environmental Institute (Inea), between the years 2010 and 2020, discharges made by several point and diffuse sources were identified in the local stormwater galleries, and are from the existing activities in that region (INEA, 2013). The Beira-Rio favela in Recreio dos Bandeirantes, object of this study, is called Canal do Cortado by Sistema de Assentamentos de Baixa Renda (Sabren), and is located near Avenida das Américas and Avenida Salvador Allende, in a prime area of the city, and, coveted by agents of real estate speculation in Rio de Janeiro. The community is part of the Canal do Cortado, one of the tributaries of the Rio Marinho, which flows into the Jacarepaguá lagoon.

RAFAEL SOARES GONÇALVES

VALERIA PEREIRA BASTOS

RAFAEL SOARES GONÇALVES

CIRO ANDRADE DA SILVA

2025-03-20

2021-09-28

[pt] TEXTO

application/pdf

PORTUGUÊS

https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/colecao.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=69691@1

https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/colecao.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=69691@2

https://doi.org/10.17771/PUCRio.acad.69691