The present Masters dissertation evaluates the metrological reliability of pulmonary ventilators, also known as mechanical ventilators. Pulmonary ventilators are electromedical equipment (EEM). The absence of metrological reliability of a pulmonary ventilator may result in dangerous consequences, according to its classification by the potential risk to the health of users (operators and patients). Even though it is of fundamental importance to guarantee the desired effect, the evaluation of reliability, in general, is not performed during the post-sale period. Considering the lack of information in metrology in the field of health, and that there are few studies indicating the risks of the absence of metrological evaluations, research in this field are especially relevant. In the present dissertation, measurements based on technical and regulatory information were performed in order to evaluate the metrological reliability of pulmonary ventilators. A meticulous bibliographical study of the basic principles and technical specifications of pulmonary ventilators was performed. The measurements were based on national and international standards, manufacturer manuals, and EEM maintenance publications. Measurements for the metrological evaluation of ten (10) pulmonary ventilators, 6 of brand I model I.1 and 4 of brand II model II.2, were performed in a public hospital. Except for a new unit, all evaluated pulmonary ventilators presented non- conformities. These results indicate an urgent need for periodic metrological evaluations of these EEMs. In addition, the need for evaluations of parameters not included in the current standards was verified. The present work contributes for increasing the awareness of health and metrology professionals regarding the importance of periodical evaluations of the metrological reliability of pulmonary ventilators.