This work deals with the assessment of the most significant examples of the decorative mural paintings carried out during the 19th century in the Vale do Paraíba coffee farms. The aim of the study is to analyze and classify the typology of the murals found in different sites based on a theoretical fundamental approach, observations and analysis of the several paintings, considering the social and cultural context in which this particular kind of decoration arose in that century and is still considered as an important form of art appearance in the city of Rio de Janeiro and its surroundings. Starting from the observations of the farm paintings, one may suggest that they are deeply connected with the European painting heritage, which means they present the same visual language and symbolism, depicting so, the importance of such cultural expression in the interior of farmer`s houses or constructions in the Vale do Paraíba region. Finally, this research points out the importance of the mural paintings as iconographic references, and so, part of a remembrance of an important period of the Brazilian history in the course of its representative elements that give regional and national distinctiveness.