Quantum communication protocols are essential for secure transmission of information, utilizing the principles of quantum mechanics to achieve security unattainable by classical cryptographic systems. Unlike traditional methods that rely on conventional cryptographic keys, quantum protocols exploit unique properties of quantum systems to ensure communication security. However, the practical implementation of quantum key distribution (QKD) is challenged by errors introduced during the generation and transmission of quantum states and the potential presence of eavesdroppers. This thesis explores some of the most commonly used strategies for error estimation, error reconciliation, and privacy amplification within QKD systems. Through a literature review and comprehensive simulations, the study evaluates the most effective techniques in each area. The ultimate goal of this analysis is to develop a method to be implemented on Rede Rio Quântica, a metropolitan quantum communication network interlinking the institutions PUC-Rio, CBPF and UFRJ via optical fibers and UFF through a free-space channel. The findings underscore the importance of optimizing error correction and privacy measures to enhance the reliability and security of quantum communication networks.