The process of priestly formation is constituted by an itinerary that corresponds to a priest s life from his vocation awakening to the end of his days on Earth. In this path, there are the stages of initial and permanent formation that complement each other. This can be characterized as a process that besides being unitary is also wholesome insofar as it interrelates the affective, spiritual, pastoral, and intellectual human dimensions in a seminarian life up to the priesthood within a dynamic iter whose aim is to encourage him towards the necessary maturity to accomplish his mission. The Archdiocesan Seminary of Saint Joseph in Rio de Janeiro has a formative pathway based upon the Ratio Institutionis Sacerdotalis: The gift of the priestly vocation, in which this research focuses as its material object, elucidating the contribution of the stages and dimensions of formation towards the development of an anthropology of the priestly vocation. In this context, this present work runs through some patristic authors’ theologies and their related priestly praxis, the current anthropological challenges for priestly formation, as well as seminarians’ onward human and spiritual development throughout their formation iter. Divided in five parts, this research’s starting point describes priesthood theologies, and anthropological traits in the patristic testimony of Didache, Clement of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch, Polycarp of Smyrna, Papias of Hierapolis, The Shepherd of Hermas, Barnabas, and Justin of Rome, undertaking the unitary and integral aspects of the formation process in which dimension elements of formation, vocation ministries formative stages, minor seminary, propaedeutic, discipleship, configuration and synthesis are developed. Theological and anthropological aspects of the formative process conclude this research as it highlights challenges regarding the development of the person being formed and proposals whose aims are human and vocation maturation.