In this study, based on the results of bamboo surface treatment for concrete reinforcement developed at PUC-Rio (Brazil), theoretical and experimental analyses were executed at the University of Cambridge and University of Bath (England). To improve the bamboo surface treatment (using epoxy resin) an experimental program concerning 32 push-out specimens were carried out. Bamboo strips (for reinforcing concrete) prepared from Phyllostachys Pubescens bamboo and treated to enhance surface bonding were used, with a constant embedment length of 20 mm. The influence of two resins type, gravel size (2 or 4 mm), bamboo node and procedures for cleaning the surface of the bamboo on the bond–slip curves obtained are analyzed. Using the best bamboo surface treatment a full scale (3000 mm by 3000 mm) two-way spanning concrete slab reinforced with bamboo strips (without any shear reinforcement) was constructed and tested. The experimental test was simply supported along its four sides and subjected to a central concentrated load. A finite element model was created using SAP2000 to analyse and design the bamboo reinforcement. Experimental failure load was found to be approximately 148.39 per cent and 110.91 per cent of the theoretically predicted values by the numerical model and by ultimate punching shear load (following BS 8110 [36]) respectability. The slabs exhibited high stiffness against deformation prior to collapse through punching shear load. Finally, to produce an advanced bamboo composite material for concrete reinforcement, an experimental investigation of the effect of moisture content at room temperature and frozen conditions on Bamboo Dendrocalamus giganteus (DG) layers with highest fibre volume fraction (Vf) were considered. 2250 tensile and compression test specimens were tested. The absorption of water, mechanical properties of bamboo layers and failure were analyzed in detail and appropriate mathematical equations have been established. From the results the tensile strength and tensile modulus of elasticity (TMOE) of DG bamboo fibres were estimated. The results show that Dendrocalamus giganteus (DG) bamboo layers with highest fibres volume fraction (Vf) and low moisture content can be applied in composite materials for construction, energy field (structural parts of wind turbine blades), automotive field (car structures), and aviation (small aircraft) providing a new low carbon alternative material.