This thesis presents a study about the effects of the weathering degree of a phacoidal gneiss residual soil, in its physical, chemical, mineralogical, microstructural and resistance characteristics. The objective of the present research is to contribute, through the evaluation of its characteristics, to the development of a Conceptual Model of Residual Soil Behavior, considering the effects of the weathering degree on its behavior. For this, tests were carried out on three samples of soils with different weathering degrees, originating from the same rock. Some executed test were characterization tests, electrical resistivity tests, chemical weathering indexes calculation, mineralogical analysis using binocular magnifying glass and X-ray diffraction, microstructural evaluation by microtomography, resistance tests using triaxial servo-controlled equipment with internal instrumentation of bender elements, and grain break analysis after resistance tests. The resistance tests, realized in the triaxial press, with different stress path, were also interpreted using the Critical States Theory. It was observed that some characterization tests were not adequate for the weathering degree evaluation, for the studied soil. This fact may be associated with the soil heterogeneity, soil developed from metamorphic gneissic quartz feldspathic rocks, and the difficulty of collecting them. It was also observed that, the lower the soil weathering degree, the greater the resistivity of the soil. In general, the studied soils presented a unique resistance envelope. It was also observed that, the lower the soil weathering degree, the greater the soil yield curve. Through the obtained results, it was verified that the Critical States Theory can be applied in the residual soil studied.