A pope from the end of the world, a theology of the third world and a Church for the whole world proposes an analysis of the possibility for the third millennium Church as from the election of an Argentinian coming from the end of the world as pope and as of his experience as a post-conciliar priest. In this place where pope Francis came from, the lands of Latin America and the Caribbean, a singular theology also took place at the end of the twentieth century, reflecting the social, political, economic and cultural conditions of the Latin American people: the liberation theology. This dissertation presents a biography of Jorge Mario Bergoglio, a historical panorama of Argentina that received European immigrants in the early twentieth century, including the family of the future pope, and the impact of the choice of the name Francisco. It then traces the history of the development of theology in the New World culminating in the emergence of liberation theology and its main ideas. Finally, analyses the ecclesiological proposals of pope Francis presented in the Evangelii Gaudium in accordance with the main themes of the liberation theology, his defense of the poor, the exploited and the disadvantaged people as a missionary project of the Church and, mainly, his perception of the necessity to update the Church (taking up the original proposals of the Second Vatican Council, especially the ones concretised in Medellin) to a world that unveils itself as plural and critical.