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Título: PHYSICO-CHEMICAL OPTIMIZATION AND STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP STUDIES OF ALDEHYDE-DERIVED N-ACYLHYDRAZONES: TOWARDS THE IMPROVEMENT OF MODERATE METAL CHELATORS AS A STRATEGY AGAINST METAL-ENHANCED AGGREGOPATHIES
Autor: DAPHNE SCHNEIDER CUKIERMAN
Instituição: PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO - PUC-RIO
Colaborador(es):  NICOLAS ADRIAN REY - ADVISOR
Nº do Conteudo: 52410
Catalogação:  27/04/2021 Idioma(s):  ENGLISH - UNITED STATES
Tipo:  TEXT Subtipo:  THESIS
Natureza:  SCHOLARLY PUBLICATION
Nota:  Todos os dados constantes dos documentos são de inteira responsabilidade de seus autores. Os dados utilizados nas descrições dos documentos estão em conformidade com os sistemas da administração da PUC-Rio.
Referência [pt]:  https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/colecao.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=52410@1
Referência [en]:  https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/colecao.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=52410@2
Referência DOI:  https://doi.org/10.17771/PUCRio.acad.52410

Resumo:
Although normal aging results in an accumulation of copper, iron and zinc in the brain, this becomes more relevant in neurodegeneration. Protein misfolding has long been linked with the development of some degenerative diseases, called aggregopathies. Metal binding is generally a factor for promoting the aggregation of such proteins, as well as generalized oxidative stress when redox-active metals are involved. In this sense, the use of therapies that target metal dyshomeostasis has been the subject of intense research in recent years. Our research group has already established that N-acylhydrazones compose a set of truly encouraging agents for the bioinorganic management of metal-enhanced aggregopathies. Our lead compound, INHHQ, however, does not present ideal pharmacokinetic parameters, which might constitute an obstacle in its path towards becoming a commercial drug. The present work consists of the study of fifty-five N-acylhydrazones of related structure (INHHQ plus fifty-four analogues) and in the selection of the best candidates as moderate chelators, Metal-Protein Attenuating Compounds (MPACs), in the context of important human aggregopathies. The ligands were designed through rationally thought changes in INHHQ s structure. Initially, in silico analyses were conducted. Blood-brain barrier crossing reference values, together with water solubility, were limiting features to select compounds for the next step. The hydrazones with the best theoretical pharmacological prospect (9 compounds plus INHHQ) were synthesized and thoroughly characterized, both in solution and in the solid state. Moreover, their hydrolysis resistance profiles were determined and, when possible, also their experimental octanol/water partition coefficient. A total of eight hydrazones were selected for the next phases, in which their effect on the survival of H4 cells and their ability of inhibiting protein aggregation in a cellular model of synucleinopathy were evaluated. 1-methylimidazole-containing N-acylhydrazone 1d excelled the expectations, being not only the most stable and least toxic analogue, but the one which interfered the most with protein inclusion patterns in the evaluated model, making them less compact. Furthermore, this compound binds selectively to aggregated forms of the (alpha)-Syn protein, as proven through STD experiments. A series of additional in vitro biophysical characterizations by NMR were carried out with the purpose of evaluating the ability of 1d to compete with monomers of (alpha)-Syn for the binding of copper(I) and copper(II) ions, which are central to Parkinson s disease pathology. A desired preference for copper(I) was observed. The apparent affinity constant of this N-acylhydrazone for copper(II) was determined through calculations based on the Job method and is in the order of 5.66. A qualitative structure-activity relationship was established for the synthesized compounds. We believe that the present work may constitute a significant contribution to the field of study in question, opening new perspectives for the development of MPACs for the therapy of metal-enhanced aggregopathies.

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