This Masters Dissertation aims to analyze the phenomena of social inequality, especially that which affects the most vulnerable strata of our society. Problems such as these are traditionally characterized as social facts. However, it is this Dissertation s purpose to approach the issue as a legal matter. To that end, this work will have recourse to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966, and its provision which prohibits discrimination in the recognition of the rights it sets forth. In effect, the discrimination in the fruition of such rights, even when unintentional, constitutes a breach of the duty of non-discrimination, a duty of immediate applicability and not subject to budgetary considerations. Afterwards, the neoliberal character of the Fiscal Recovery Regime to which the State of Rio de Janeiro adhered will be analyzed. Remarks will then be made on the repercussions of this overly exceptional regime on the enjoyment of socioeconomic and cultural rights in an environment afflicted by the escalation of disputes on public expenditure. Furthermore, examples of policies implemented with a general objective to ensure the fruition of socioeconomic and cultural rights, as well as policies aiming to verify whether the policies adopted by the State are discriminatory or not, will be presented. At last, a proposal of State level policy verifying structure will be put forward, and several innovative initiatives in the international ambit, which combine low budget cost for implementation and high effectiveness over the target demographic, will be evaluated.