This Doctoral Thesis is the result of research on the narratives of black high school students, about the experiences and trajectories on the Rio de Janeiro campus of IFRJ and on the implementation of the rules and legislation that govern affirmative action policies. The research aims to analyze the perceptions and narratives of black students about the school trajectory and about the implementation of the three axes of affirmative actions: access through racial quotas, education for ethnic-racial relations and student assistance and permanence strategies. In the present thesis, affirmative action policies are understood as measures that presuppose a historical repair of inequalities and disadvantages accumulated and experienced by a certain group, so that these measures increase and allow access to rights, guaranteeing greater equality of opportunity. The methodology used in the research was a case study, with qualitative and quantitative approaches, with the performance of nineteen interviews with black students who entered through racial quotas policies in the period from 2013 to 2018. An analysis was made of the institutional documents dealing with affirmative action policies. As a result of the research, findings and clues allow us to assess that, regarding the socioeconomic profile, students and their families constitute segments of the low-income population and experience racial and social inequalities. The students of racial and social quotas bring in their narratives the perception about the importance of the affirmative action policy as a right, a strategy for the democratization of teaching and an instrument of historical reparation. Narratives also highlighted an institutional daily life crossed by situations of racism and discrimination. However, black students built a political role and reframed the training space by opposing ideas, elaborating other narratives, presenting demands and demands. The thesis may contribute to make visible the emergence of the narratives of black students, the perceptions about the three axes of affirmative actions, and in the promotion of actions that enhance their voices and strengthening strategies as collective subjects, recognizing their agendas and agendas around ethnic issues racial, gender and youth.