Disasters vary in different aspects, such as intensity, impacts, type, duration, onset, and consequences. Therefore, it is a great challenge to seek an economical cost assessment methodology to deal with disasters, whether small or large, of sudden or slow onset, as well as to manage their costs (direct, indirect, service interruption, intangibles). Within this context, social media, as a source of data with public information, available in real-time and with a low cost of collection, become a crucial data source in this process. Thus, the main objective of this thesis is to propose a methodology for the economic assessment of disasters based on information collected through social media. For that purpose, a systematic literature review (SLR) was carried out to understand the state of the art of existing assessment methodologies and to analyze how social media can be applied to support economic disaster assessment. The results of the SLR provide a taxonomy, a framework, and a research agenda that serve as a basis for creating an original methodology for assessing economic costs of disasters, named AVECODE. Comprised of three phases (Pre-event, Disaster, Post-event) and two transversal areas (Coordination and Technology), AVECODE is applied in a case study that took place in Rio de Janeiro in 2019, through the development of a prototype and data collected from Twitter. The results of this application are compared and analyzed with the disaster evaluation carried out by the local government. AVECODE proves to be a valuable tool for the design and implementation of public policies, where the results obtained allow the traceability of the collected information, the identification of unaccounted costs, and inquiries in the amounts and costs estimated by the local government. Finally, the application of the methodology in a case study allows us to confirm the correlation between the proposed methodology and practice.