Cognitive radio technology is emerging as an effective alternative to increase the number of users in several frequency bands. The concept aims to solve the scarcity of the spectrum from two basic characteristics: the cognitive capacity and the capacity of reconfiguration. Cognitive ability refers to the ability of the radio to know the medium in which it is operating, to identify in an opportunistic way the unused spectral spaces in their totality or in some intervals of time and, from its reconfiguration transmit information without causing interference in the user of the portion of the spectrum used. This dissertation presents the results obtained from the analysis of the performance of fusion rules for cooperative remote sensing. The first part deals with the theoretical foundations of cognitive radio and the most important aspects of radioelectric spectrum management, as well as the fundamentals of the energy detector, the most important detector used in cognitive networks. Next, different techniques for sensing in cognitive networks are presented, presenting decision schemes and conventional detection of the cooperative spectrum, the Hard decision and Soft decision methods. Finally, an evaluation of the rules of cooperative sensing in real scenarios is carried out to obtain the conclusions of the work.