Drilling and well completions are the processes that most require efforts in terms of time and money in the oil and gas industry processes. Based on this fact, new technologies are always been prototyped, tested and analyzed in order to achieve greater results in reservoirs exploitation. Mechanical drilling has been in the field for more than a hundred years accomplishing decent rate of penetrations in different types of environments. Even though this technology is still useful the use of laser tools could bring benefits in terms of decrease of drilling time due to greater rates of penetrations, increase of reservoir permeability, better drill hole control as a result of laser precision and cost reduction due to low necessity to change bits and drill pipes. The main purpose of this project, therefore, is to analyze the mechanical and thermal behavior of a Travertine sample during laser drilling. The test was conducted on Travertine due to its similar characteristics to Brazilian pre-salt layer carbonate rocks. Optical fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBGs), thermocouples and a thermal digital camera were used to measure strain and temperature gradients developed during the laser drilling process. The results showed a correlation between shear deformation, high temperature gradients and the areas affected by the use of laser, which can be divided in fractured and evaporated. Hence, this project intends to contribute in the discussion of such innovative technology that may change how the world sees the drilling process.