Public firms and governmental organizations have increasingly used the Project Management Body of Knowledge Guide - PMBOK (PMI, 2008) aiming the development and timely delivery of products, services, and solutions with planned time, costs and scope. Given the complexity and dynamic of the market, it has been necessary not only to seek efficacy, but also organizational efficiency, increasing the benefits generated by the utilization of project management best practices. The purpose of this study was to identify the main factors that were related to either fostering or hindering the learning process during project development. It was a phenomenographic study, where semi-structured interviews were applied to PMBOK (PMI, 2008) experts in public firms and governmental organizations. The results showed that communication, leadership, planning, integration, multidisciplinarity, and information were factors to promote learning according to the author s interpretation of the interviewees responses. Finally, these factors were related to each project phase that they exert the greatest impact upon, hoping to provide some guidance to project managers while enhancing learning in project life-cycle in public firms and governmental organizations.