In recent years there has been a more active role of small consumers in relation to the use of electricity. The easier access to distributed generation technologies, mainly local photovoltaic production in residential roofs and also the new generations of intelligent meters, has brought the interest of small consumers to generate their own energy, reducing their invoice with the distributor and also their dependence on the distribution network. In this context, the objective of this dissertation is to evaluate, based on real smart measurements, the impact on the invoices of residential customers caused by the introduction of a demand charge, in real/kilowatt, applied on the registered maximum demand. The option for the theme sought to address gaps in the national bibliography because it is an innovative subject, not only in Brazil, and which is being studied in several countries simultaneously. The methodology can be divided into basically four phases: (i) Calculation of the reference revenue; (ii) Calculation of distribution tariffs: hourly and based in real/kilowatt; (iii) Calculation and evaluation of the revenues obtained by applying the tariffs to the measurements from the clusters to be studied; and (iv) Calculation and evaluation of the revenues obtained by applying the tariffs to the measurements from the clusters to be studied, considering distributed photovoltaic generation. The results allowed to identify the consumption profiles, whether they would be more impacted by the introduction of a demand charge and the impacts caused by the installation of solar panels by the residences as well as demonstrating that this type of charge, reflecting the costs of distribution, provides tariff stability and avoids cross subsidies.