The aim of this work is to study and confrontate the anthropological and theological bases of two different concepts of economy: that currently practicized, based on individualism e and utilitarianism and another one, based on a quite recent and less known model, the Christian rooted Economy of Communion (EoC). It may sound as a contradiction, but the EoC remains a less known phemomenon among catholics, e so this dissertation assumes as its task do contribute to a better understanding of EoC. We are very far from concepting EoC as a new way of economical action, a new form of managegment or of solidary economy. On the contrary, we try to show that EoC is above all an anthropological and spiritual option that overflows such fields, in the direction of manamagent practice – and having its roots in a specifical conception of the human being. Our work includes a description of EoC itself, its origens, characteristics and theological implications, its history and a e pré-history, its identity and missão, as well as the critical points of view against her. As a mandatory part of our study, the properly anthropological and theological dimensions of EoC and the typical conception of Christian theology in general will be studied and compared.