This study aims to analyze the process of institutionalization of the Guardianship Councils of the Rio de Janeiro city, as a guaranteeing body instance of rights within the system of guaranteeing human rights for children and adolescents. This dissertation was developed based on three time frames: the years of 1996, 2006 and 2016, based on a qualitative research, which analyzed a large institutional documentation collected from the three actors of the system of guarantee of rights: first, the municipal management, responsible for the technical-administrative support to the Tutelary Councils where laws, decrees, resolutions, labor process instruments, management reports were analyzed; later to the Municipal Council for the Rights of the Child and Adolescents, where deliberations and communiqués were analyzed; and finally, with the State Association of Tutelary Councilors of Rio de Janeiro, where were analyzed their articles of association and their work plan. In order to carry out the present study, other public documents such as the budget for children and adolescents, balance sheets of Disque 100, guides and booklets of the Secretariat National of Human Rights were also analyzed. In the process of comparative analysis between existing legislation, in line with the recommendations of the National Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents, as a conclusion of this work, there was a need to revise the municipal legislation and reorganize the Guardianship Council, especially in the which refers to the autonomy and methodology of action in order to fulfill the responsibilities contained in the Statute of the Child and Adolescent Law; It is also concluded that there is a need to make the work processes instituted by the municipal administration and by the councilors themselves sustainable, so as to make the Guardianship Councils as instances of guaranteeing the human rights of children and adolescents among others mechanisms at the existing defense system.