This doctoral thesis addresses the theme: The Other Race Effect (ORE) in face perception in children of Japanese and non-Japanese origin. The ORE is related to better performance in recognizing faces of the same race. The work consists of two studies: one theoretical and one empirical. The theoretical study aimed to review the recent literature in search of an overview of theoretical models that explains the ORE in face perception. The results of this study presented two coding faces models that explain the differences in performance in recognizing faces of other racial groups. The influence of contact with faces of different races in the magnitude of the ORE was presented. The perspective of Evolutionary Psychology was used as the basis for the cognitive models studied. The empirical study aimed to investigate the development of EOR in 37 Japanese and 37 non-Japanese children, living in the city of Rio de Janeiro, divided into two age groups. Japanese children showed no EOR in recognizinhg their own race faces, while the non Japanese children presented the ORE in both age groups. These findings suggest that the EOR emerges early in development and that experience with faces of another race in the visual context of the child is crucial to modulate the face processing system, resulting in differences in accuracy in recognizing faces of another race, even when the culture plays an important role in the development.