The purpose of this thesis is to present the uniqueness of Jacques Racière s political theory, discussing the reason of dissent as the path to a possible and always unfinished emancipation. The thesis defends that Rancière s criticism of what is, on his evaluation, a platonic antiplatonism of Bourdieu, can be harnessed to think entirely different sociological contexts. The question to be addressed is the core of affinity between philosophy and sociology, which is, between the philosophical aspiration to government and the sociological need to escape economy s guardianship. As a condition for the triumph of its scientific status, sociology advances on the territory inaugurated by Plato where community synthesis are formulated through myths (mythos) that shuffles the relation between narrative and discourse. Thus, we make reference to some objections raised by Charlotte Nordmann and Alberto Toscano to develop a defense of Rancière s positions. However, criticism of sociology has been explored in a number of authors and sub-themes in which Bourdieu is not addressed but anecdotally. The authors are: Alfred Cobban, from his book Social Interpretation of the French Revolution, discussed by Rancière in The Names of History; Hannah Arendt, from divergences between her readings on the social and the readings on sociology from Rancière; Boltanski and Chiapello, from their book: The new spirit of capitalism, whose reference to a proximity with Rancière is addressed, under the latter s rejection.