This article suggests a dialogue between Protestant Social Ethics and Catholic Social Ethics in the fi eld of healthcare. It argues that these two traditions, besides their differences and particularities, can establish a fruitful dialogue in order to address the challenges in health care, especially those connected to justice in health. This paper does not focus on issues of clinical bioethics, but rather on issues of global health and health inequalities. It will approach Protestant Social Ethics and health issues in dialogue with Catholic Social Ethics, especially its liberating approach grounded on the preferential option for the poor. This paper is divided into three parts: first, it presents some general lines about Protestant Social Ethics developed in the USA and its particularities comparing it with Catholic Social Ethics. Second, it highlights some insights from Protestant Social Ethics that contribute to the ethical debate on justice in health. Third, it applies some aspects of Protestant Social Ethics and the preferential option for the poor in concerns of justice in health care.