This study identified patterns of strategic orientation of the Brazilian health care /dental care plan providers regarding the adoption of strategic alliances and social responsibility practices and their impacts in the performance in the period from 2013 to 2015. It also presented a strategic taxonomy of these providers. The methodology included the application of Cluster Analysis, MANOVA and ANOVA in a sample of 123 companies in this sector. The constructs performance, strategic alliances and social responsibility were operationalized based on a comprehensive bibliographic review and the opinion of sector experts.The results indicate that the adoption of strategic alliance practices ― (1) development of knowledge about regulatory or market experience, in collaboration with other providers; (2) development of knowledge to generate know-how, managerial talent or new skills in collaboration with other providers; (3) development of new product / service technologies or processes in collaboration with universities, hospitals or non-profit research organizations; (4) access to new clients in collaboration with other institutions (syndicate, associations); (5) corporate risk reduction by sharing high investments with other health care /dental care plan providers ― have a statistical correlation with the performance of companies in the sector, specifically with the three-year ROE (Return on Equity) average in the last three years and with market growth perception in the last three years. The health care /dental care plan providers that had strategic alliances with a market focus (greater attention in practices 1, 2, 4 and 5) obtained better ROE results than the other companies in the sector and perceived market growth lower than their competitors. Regarding the adoption of social responsibility practices, no statistical correlation was found with subjective and objective measures of performance, corroborating previous findings of several authors.