The thesis turned its attention to questioning the role of the filmmaker as a translator of social demands in contemporary Brazilian cinema, specifically 1970 s anthropological approach of narrative film. The work investigates the construction of the first-person narrative in Brazilian cinema after the so-called Retomada, taking into account the criticism of the voice of God and the use of the third person, which are predominant in the speech of the Brazilian movement Cinema Novo: That is, a period in which the arts were in line with a collective and egalitarian notion of nation. In order to discuss the relationship between aesthetic approaches and policies with regard to the statement of these practices, the thesis focused on films based on literary works that raise the question of the place of the narrator (Hour of the Star, Behind the Sun and City of God) and pairs of films from which one can characterize the pendulum of contemporary production between the filmmaker-intellectual who apropriate to themselves the role of talking about and for each other, and the filmmaker-ethnographer, that provides room for the speech of another class. The films Elite Squad and News From a Personal War, Carandiru and Prisioneiro da grade de ferro, and finally Cinco vezes favela and 5X Favela - Now by Ourselves were analyzed in the light of the issues raised.