In 2014, Brazil occupied the fifth position in the world ranking of milk production. However, the average productivity was small compared to the other major producers. Quality evaluation is important for improving milk productivity, as it helps to identify factors that hinder production. The quantities of protein and fat in milk are used as quality standards, and they are usually measured with instruments based on infrared spectroscopy techniques. These devices are expensive and they are only suitable for laboratory use. This study intends to evaluate the application of photodetectors based on nanostructures in the quantification of milk protein, aiming at the production of a portable and inexpensive device. In order to accomplish this, infrared spectroscopy techniques were used in the study of milk, protein and milk adulteration. The photodetectors response (current) was also analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. Later, an experimental simulation of the final device was done and the results were compared with the spectroscopy studies. Given these relations, it was found that photodetectors based on nanostructures can be used in the quantification of milk protein.