This thesis discusses the development of gas detection systems in the infrared region. Fundamental concepts on the electromagnetic theory of light and how the light signal can be absorbed by gases is shown in the initial stage. Then, the possibility of new optical fiber detection methods is presented using electromagnetic simulations and laboratory observations activities. The software used is the Optiwave. A scanning system based on laser ring is designed for the wavelength of 2000 nm. In this step, the study of Bragg gratings is explored. Other systems using optical devices, Micro structured optical fibers, coherent homodyne systems are presented and realized. Besides, a subsystem able to detect at least 10- 6 variations of the refraction index is introduced and evaluated as a gas detection application. All procedures presented can also be activated in industrial security, environment and atmospheric pollution evaluation, gas leakage, and gas blasts risks.