This thesis aims to analyze how the philosophical education was identified, considered and discussed in IV century BC Athens, specifically at its intersection with the rhetoric. For this, we chose to use the texts and the thought of Isocrates as the main reference, highlighting the flows identification of philosophy and their education. A central objective of this thesis is to underline the importance of Isocrates in this formation process of Greek philosophy, emphasizing the great value of the texts of this author in the archaeological analysis of philosophical education. From this issue, we will come to a discussion of the philosopher s role in the education of citizens, an issue that has become quite common in Brazilian universities in recent decades after the legal obligation that entered the philosophy discipline in basic education throughout the country. We believe that analyzing this embryonic period of philosophy, in which it was conceived as an essential tool for civic education of citizens, can stimulate reflections and concerns about the role given to philosophical thought in the formation of young people today, even if the values and cultural context in question are others.