The objective is to present the genesis process of the theme religious liberty defi ned in the Declaration Dignitatis humanae. This topic does not arise methodologically provided by schemes in the Vatican Council II, but during the process of debates in the General Congregations and developing itself in the formal aspects, meaning and foundation, and material acquiring the status of the Declaration. Methodologically, it is a phenomenological analysis that ends at the historical and theological hermeneutics of the main events of the preparatory conciliates periods and the four Sessions of the Vatican Council II, as well as, of documents of the Ecclesiastical magisterium of the centuries XIX and XX, which approached the theme of religious freedom from the perspective of religious plurality intolerance and practical religious tolerance, overcome by the principle of the religious freedom right, expressed in the Dignitatis humanae. As a doctrinal content, the right to religious freedom gets onto the fundament of the human dignity, anthropological data, which opens out to theological and doctrinaire and prospect a new understanding of the phenomenon of religious plurality enabling conceive the theology of the religions as theology of religious pluralism and hermeneutic theology interfaith, as well as ensures the relevance of religious in the public sphere debates, being this one a tutored right and promoted by the democratic State.