A study that aims to understand the course of identity (re) construction of white individuals who are submitted to a process of (re) cognition of their own racial belonging. Therefore, this work focuses on Brazilian racial relations, from 2003 onwards, with emphasis on the political configurations in the frame of the struggle against racism. The central subject of the work is the Brazilian whiteness, and its related power negotiation, within the present context of the national racial relations. The hypothesis of the study is that the permanence of a melting pot ideology, understood as a long lasting structure (Braudel, 1992), gives support to the idea of a formal equality and impedes the acquisition of racial literacy by the white individuals from all social strata and, particularly, for those who belong to the population living on subaltern social spaces. It is assumed that the social representations of the poor white are similar to that of the black, which makes it difficult to perceive the racial inequities and its social implications. Adopting the racial literacy theoretical framework as a reference, this research combines participating observation and individual interviews. The observation took place within a group composed by near 30 students of the discipline Afro-Brazilian History and Culture in a College located in the East Zone of São Paulo City. The interviews were applied to 11 of those students self defined as white or pardo (mestizo). The conclusions indicate that, although it is possible to observe important transformations taking place as a consequence of the Federal Law No. 10.639/2003 implementation, the hypothesis of this work seems to be confirmed as the structures related to the racial democracy myth are systematically reproduced and actualized, which impedes the racialization of the identities, as a consequence, and a new power negotiation between whites and blacks in Brazilian society.