As the electric power transmission networks became more interconnected, the thermal limits of lines and transformers restrict less the power transmission. Similarly, the use of static systems of reactive power compensation increases the power transmission capacity in systems whereas before they were limited by problems of angular stability. Actually, transmission lines are more loaded and create the voltage stability problem. In this work, voltage stability conditions are assessment by nodal conditions associated to the maximum active and reactive power flow that can be transmitted from generators to loads.These nodal conditions are assessment using an analytical tool, based on a simple but sound mathematical background, modelling a straightforward physical haracterisation of the phenomena. Comprehensive and meaningful indices are obtained from system Jacobean matrix. They indices indicate the operating region in V x P,Q curve, the MVA margin to the maximum load, the relative importance among buses, the buses loading ranking, a measure of difficult for power transmission, and the influence indices that relates power margins between two operating points, which characterises efficiency or not, for example, of a control action.In order to reinforce voltage stability condition, the thesis proposes a method consisting of three sequential stages. Firstly, voltage stability is analysed, deciding network critical bus using the power margin calculation. Next, the critical transmission path is decided, which is a new concept used in this work, in between several existing used to transport generators power for that critical bus. Then, critical branch is obtained through this path, concept introduced in this work. An optimal power flow program is used to alleviate load flow in the critical branch. The sequence starts again with the stability condition assessment in the new operating point. All stages are repeated until resultant margins are judged suitable. Load, generation and voltage-controlled bus by shunt reactive power compensators could be considered critical bus. The nodal method used is the only one capable of handling any bus type.Several cases are shown, illustrative as well as real systems using real operating points,including imminent voltage collapse situations. It is verified that the proposed method really produces the desired results.