This work is about the political subjectof indigenous people in urban contextin contemporary Brazil, through one of its most meaningful social resistance strategiesfor cultural identity affirmation: the indigenous literature for children. The author —from the standpoint of the academic world in the confluence with the indigenous social movement—assumes that nowadays the so-called Brazilian indigenous question exceeds the theme of land demarcation —which is emphasized by the State and the mass media. This work argues that the indigenous question constitutes a multicultural sociopolitical resistance arena, under the strong influence of the indigenous people in urban context, asociopolitical group that still is to be properly academically examined and socially understood. Such political subject is a core agent of a contemporary social resistance movement that includes: the defense of specific political rights (which concerns the Social Work area); the struggle for judicial and political emancipation (from State patronage), and the postulation of the necessity for the (re) construction of the national History and the historical imageof the indigenous population. The goal of this study is to interpret and give visibility to the contemporary indigenous literature for children, taken as a central instrument of dissemination of a political project for re-signifying, (re) constructing and affirming the Brazilian indigenous cultural identity. The text is divided in three thematic chapters, respectively discussing: I) the construction of the historical image of Brazilian indigenous population vis-a-vis to the contents of their struggle for the construction of an emancipatory self-image (from stereotypes and patronage); II) the conceptual defense of literature as a political right and support of humanity as well as the presentation of Brazilian indigenous authors and their production for the children within the last ten years(seven authors), and III) description and interpretation of the contents of fifteen selected books, through which the political project of identity affirmation (indigenous cultural identity) is presented to the future generations.