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Título: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PIPELINE FLOW OF HEAVY OIL WITH TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VISCOSITY
Autor: GUILHERME MOREIRA BESSA
Instituição: PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO - PUC-RIO
Colaborador(es):  LUIS FERNANDO ALZUGUIR AZEVEDO - ADVISOR
IGOR BRAGA DE PAULA - CO-ADVISOR

Nº do Conteudo: 24828
Catalogação:  29/06/2015 Idioma(s):  PORTUGUESE - BRAZIL
Tipo:  TEXT Subtipo:  THESIS
Natureza:  SCHOLARLY PUBLICATION
Nota:  Todos os dados constantes dos documentos são de inteira responsabilidade de seus autores. Os dados utilizados nas descrições dos documentos estão em conformidade com os sistemas da administração da PUC-Rio.
Referência [pt]:  https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/colecao.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24828@1
Referência [en]:  https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/colecao.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24828@2
Referência DOI:  https://doi.org/10.17771/PUCRio.acad.24828

Resumo:
The present work is an experimental study of laminar flows through long, thermally insulated pipes of heavy oils that present strong dependence of viscosity on temperature. The objective of the study was to reproduce and understand the behavior reported in field operations where the dependence of the pressure drop on the flow rate deviates significantly from the linear relationship expected for hydrodynamically fully developed flow. To this end, a laboratory-scale experiment was constructed employing as working fluid a glycerol-water solution displaying a strong dependence of viscosity on temperature. In the experiments, the heated glycerol solution was pumped through a long isolated pipe immersed in a cold environment. The heat exchange with the cold environment produced radial and axial thermal gradients in the fluid yielding strong viscosity variations. For the low and high ranges of the flow rate the experiments revealed a linear relationship between flow rate and pressure drop from the inlet to the exit of the test section. However, for intermediate values of the flow rate, the relationship between flow rate and pressure drop deviated from the linear behavior. Further, this relationship ceased to be monotonic. In this intermediate flow rate region, the same pressure drop values were measured for flow rates values differing in orders of magnitude. Radial profiles of temperature and axial velocity were measured at different axial positions along the pipe. Thermocouple probes and the laser- Doppler velocimetry technique were employed in this study. Temperature profiles displayed strong asymmetry as a consequence of the presence of secondary flows induced by natural convection. The axial velocity profiles were little affected by the secondary flows. It is believed that the impact observed on the wall shear stress and, as a consequence, on the pressure drop, are associated with the strong viscosity variations close to the cold pipe wall, and not with the variations of the velocity gradient at the wall that were seen to be not too significant. The experimental results obtained were compared with one and tri-dimensional numerical solutions developed by other researchers. The relationship between pressure drop and flow rate was well predicted by both numerical models. The radial velocity profiles were well predicted by the tri-dimensional calculations, while the temperature profiles predictions were seen to deviate from the experiments.

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