This work’s purpose is to highlight the great contributions to the Reformatorial Movement in Europe during the XVI Century by Philip Melanchthon. So, it brings a biography of his life, as well as it underlines some of the basic aspects of his theology and how they helped to shape the message of the Reformation from Wittenberg to all Europe. Mostly, it focuses on the historiography of Melanchthon from Reformation’s time on, in order to clear up misunderstandings and biased labels that were imposed on him, above all that he gave no original contribution and – even worst – that he was a traitor inside the Lutheran ranks. It also tries to point out the new directions that Melanchthon Research is taking in Europe and in the United States, in order to foster the research on this topic also in Brazil. In the end, it becomes clear that a rather obscure place was assigned to Melanchthon in the historical research of the Reformation, what is not appropriate considering the extent of his contribution then and how much it can foster theological thinking today.