The present study turns to the context of the families which live in Vila do Sossego, in the region of Vila Rosário, Duque de Caxias, attended by the Vila Rosário Institute, which aims to combat tuberculosis. The goal consists in demonstrating, in situations that require unstructured interviews, are constructed as networks of relationships within families and the sociocultural identities of interviewees in relation to contexts such as housing, access to basic services, work and illness. The research methodology, of qualitative, interpretive and ethnographic nature, is basedon the analysis of narrative and speech interaction in the course of the interviews and transcribed from the notes of the fieldwork. The theoretical framework comes from studies of identity construction and socialinteraction in discursive speech from the perspective of conversation and narrative analysis, whilst there are theoretical and methodological approaches. The results show constructions on family and social identity, from the viewpoint of residents on the trajectory of a community health agent, indicators of social problems facing difficulties with their children s education, decent housing, work and health care. This work is expected to contribute to the improvement of services for families in the region, from aclearer understanding of their reality.