The objective of this dissertation is to analyse how Juan Bautista Alberdi (1810 – 1884) operates the concepts of Republic and Pueblo through his literary texts, the plays La Revolución de Mayo: cronica dramática and El Gigante Amapolas y sus formidables enemigos, wrote between 1839 and 1841. As is noticeable in other members of the Generation of 1837, Alberdi had work with a very thin frontier between literature and politics, making part of his opposition to the government of Juan Manuel de Rosas. The specificity of the theatrical genre is treated through the analysis of its relevance to the society of Buenos Aires at the beginning of the eight hundred, taking into account the control that the government had within the spectacles, used as marketing pro rosista by the institutional apparatus of the journals. Alberdi represented the share of opponents of the regime that could make the theater an instrument to criticize the system. Moreover, the texts cited how the republican ideals of the young writer, and how categories such as people, citizenand patria were handled in accordance with the different groups witn whom Alberdi was directed speeking along the lines.