This research discusses the challenges facing the librarian before the emergence of new information and communication technologies (ICTs), which significantly altered the ways to produce process and distribute information. Displays the context of changes that the so-called information society experiences, focusing on the impacts of the ICTs in the professional activities directly targeted to deal with information, such as the librarian. Discusses the intense challenges increasingly in the performance of this professional, concerning to their traditional knowledge - which are the activities of cataloging, indexing and retrieval of information - as well as the need for continuous updating and the ability to monitor what arises in his area. It mentions the traditional reference service development of the librarian in order to assist users and guide them in their searches, showing the trends of change in this service mainly due to the introduction of the Internet. It underscores the changing profile of the librarian, who must be able to deal with information in the traditional print support as in the digital, where there are new demands of work. It shows finally, the different job opportunities resulting from the new paradigm of the information and knowledge society, which has in the technologies a facilitator factor of its processes of capture, registration and dissemination of informational contents.