This dissertation studies the relationship between children and nature, and took place in a public school from a city nearby Rio de Janeiro. Regarding the planetary emergency situation in what we live, it is important to rethink relations between humans and nature. For this, it is needed to connect macro and micro dimensions, considering Early Childhood Education, and school more specifically, as an enabling environment capable to support the construction of a symmetric relationship between humans and nature. This work is based on authors from the fields of Philosophy, Developmental psychology and Sociology of childhood. The discussion is articulated to the concepts of Felix Guattari`s ecosophy, Edgar Morin`s complexity, Henri Wallon’s psychogenic theory, Humberto Maturana`s reflections about education and Corsaro`s interpretive reproduction. The first chapter presents the symbolic and concrete ways in the dissertation`s construction process. The second section provides an overview of the school, focusing on the educational, cultural, and everyday practices context of the researched institution. The third chapter presents the categories concerning about nature, thinking the relationship between humans and biodiversity. Finally, it is presented a reflection about teaching practices and their relevance in the construction of a consistent education, connected to the current planetary needs.