This study examines, by the means of traditional liquidity indicators and the Fleuriet model, the working capital management of firms. Within financial management, it is necessary to analyze working capital and whether its levels are adequate, excessive, or insufficient. This analysis should help us to understand that having sufficient working capital is a guarantee for the stability of the firm and permits it to conduct its operations on a more economic basis and without financial restrictions, making it possible to confront emergencies and losses without a financial crisis. This methodology was applied to a sample composed of Brazilian and Peruvian enterprises from six industrial sectors. These firms have their shares traded on the stock exchange of their respective countries, in the period from 2000 to 2007. The result of the analysis was that the traditional financial-economic indicators explained corporate profitability. The indicator that presented the best result was that of current liquidity. Using the approach of the Fleuriet model for dynamic working capital management, the companies were classified according to the financial structure established by this model. The greatest frequency for Brazilian firms was of type V, which are solid financially with positive working capital, aside from a positive Treasury position. The positive necessity for working capital shows that firms must manage their working capital policies efficiently and effectively. In the case of the Peruvian firms, type III, insatisfactory, had the greatest frequency. In this case are presented a positive working capital, a necessity for working capital also positive, and a negative treasury balance. This shows firms with a dependence on short-term loans for their financing.