The present dissertation boards the subject of the citizenship like an autonomous, complex and historically definite object of analysis. On basis of the concept of citizenship prepared by T.H. Marshall and the analytical referential system of José Murilo of Carvalho, an investigation was developed about the political and social dimensions of the citizenship in Contemporary Brazil. From a historical perspective as to the process of construction of the citizenship in Brazil, it was supported that the concomitant validity of the political rights and of the social rights in the current context assumes an intrinsic dissonant relation, what it teases, from a side, to recognize the novelty of this contact, still that not virtuous, in the historical course of republican Brazil, and to make, on the other side, the nature and the meaning of this dissonance for the problem of the Brazilian citizenship. So, the principal objective consisted in checking the meaning and the nature of the dynamic one between the political and social dimensions of the citizenship in the context of Contemporary Brazil. Our contribution consists, in this sense, in drawing the current frame in which there are put the dimensions of the Brazilian citizenship, as well as showing up the meaning of this new configuration for the reach of a full citizenship in the country.