The present work deals with the role played by the religions of African ancestrality in the construction of black women racial identity. The field work was based on the Comunidade Terreiro Ilè Ase Iyemonja Omi Olodo, located in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Estate. The concepts territory and territoriality were discussed to be used as references due to their importance to the construction of black identity. The Brazilian black resistance movements are analysed within the globalization historical frame. Our goal is to contribute to the construction of the concept black positive identity, an idea sustained by many representations of resistance and affirmation movements of the black population. We believe that this theme, if taken by the Social Work area, will serve as a challenge and an opportunity for Social Workers. This work describes the road taken by Black woman towards the construction of her citizenship as a new subject of Rights in the Brazilian Constitution of 1988. Taking in consideration the recent trend changes of the Social Policies and, as a consequence, in the construction of citizenship, we discuss the relationship between black women and Brazilian Public Policies. Furthermore, we present some important aspects of the construction of the Batuque in Rio Grande do Sul, with emphasis on the centrality of women in that religion. The results of the field work sustains the relevance of the religions of African ancestrality for the construction of the new social subjetc black woman and the importance of Public Policies to the construction of black women citizenship.