The objective of this Master dissertation in metrology is to contribute for structuring the Brazilian traceability chain for flow measurement of natural gas at high pressure, based on successful experiences of national metrology laboratories of highly industrialized countries. The study takes into account the primary standardization and harmonization of reference measurement standards. The lack of an adequate infrastructure for primary standardization of volumetric flow measurement of natural gas in Brazil was a motivation motivation for Petrobras to invest substantially to overcome this important vulnerability, thus contributing to the establishment of the metrological control in the gas sector. The choice of the research project was also motivated by the author`s personal interest to contribute to the advance knowledge in an area that he has been working for many years at Petrobras. Following the experience of other oil and gas producing countries, this project was developed in the context of the regulation for the sector creating opportunities for investment on quality infrastructure, imposing challenges for the Brazilian metrology. The need to implement a measuring fiscal scheme to support contracts for custody transfer required a specific legislation and the development of procedures for conformity assessment of natural gas. The work was developed in accordance with the following methodology: (i) review of best practices and models of laboratory standardization in use by authoritative national institutes of metrology of oil and gas producing countries and (ii) interpretation of procedures for harmonization of reference values used by the National Metrology Institutes studied. The main results obtained is the characterization of the traceability chain associated with natural gas for measurement at high pressure in use by European national metrology institutes (PTB/Germany, LNE/France, NMi/Netherlands) which have agreed to harmonize their reference values. Strategic information is then made available that could subsidize the structuring of a system of primary standardization of flow measurement in Brazil. In conclusion, this work has suggested a metrological scheme for implementing a sound gas flow measurement metrology primary standardization.