The following essay is intended to explore the area of Text Mining, through an extensive and comprehensive study of what is currently considered state of the art. This new area, considered by many as a natural evolution of the Data Mining, is quite interdisciplinary. Several scholars and researchers from fields like linguistics and computing, for instance, have contributed for its development. Nevertheless, much has been discussed on how complete dossier of textual investigation must be carried out, in order to take maximum advantage of the techniques adopted in various approaches. Thus, through a systematic sequence of procedures, one can come to a conclusion of what would be the ideal method for the Mining of documents, as one has come about Data. This work explores a model of process which suggests the following steps: collecting data, textual preprocessing, indexing, mining and analysis. This sequence is a tendency followed in some recent works and it is thoroughly discussed in the chapters to come. Finally, in order to obtain a practical enrichment, one developed a system of Mining of documents with which became possible the presentation of results, obtained from the application of algorithms in documents of a general nature.