Hair dyes, widely used in cosmetics, require special attention to ensure the absence of harmful substances to health. The Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) establishes limits for impurities, such as 20 mg kg(-1) for Pb and 100 mg kg(-1) for the sum of other potentially toxic elements. In order to assess the occurrence of potentially toxic elements in hair dyes marketed in Brazil, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed in this study to determine the concentrations of Al, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Ti, and Zn in 26 hair dye samples. Most samples showed low concentrations of the studied elements (< 1 mg kg(-1) ), except for Pb in two samples (T01 and T09), lead acetate-based dyes, which showed concentrations of up to 3,500 mg kg(-1) , and Al with concentrations of up to 480 mg kg(-1) for sample H01. Using the methodology of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety of the European Union, health risks associated with prolonged exposure to these elements were assessed. Some elements demonstrate margin of safety (MS) greater than 100, indicating safe exposure according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). However, Al, Pb, Cr, Mn, and Ni showed MS values below 100, raising concerns regarding the prolonged use of some commercial dyes as they present a MS value considered unsafe (MS < 100) by the EPA.