This thesis aims to analyze Brazilian public theology, based on Dietrich Bonhoeffer s ethics of responsibility. We propose the following challenge in the problem: under what circumstances can Bonhoeffer s ethics of responsibility contribute to Brazilian public theology? To face such a challenge, we chose a dialectical methodological path in the general dimension of the research, as we broadly evaluate the details of Brazilian public theology and Bonhoeffer s ethics of responsibility, reaching a dialogic and propositional reflection. Specifically, the development of the thesis will be divided into five parts. In the first part, we will carry out a historical analysis of the development of Brazilian public theology in the 20th century, encompassing dialogues with international schools of public theology and productions from research institutes and academic propagation, being our status quaestionis. In the second part, we will make a conceptual cut within Brazilian public theology, this cut unfolded after reflecting on the role of theology in society and its dialogue with the public sphere. We define this systematization as theology of citizenship. In the third part, we delve into the life and work of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, highlighting the vivid interweaving between theology and life practice. In the fourth part, we will make a conceptual cut of his theology, in this case his ethics of responsibility, based on selected texts. Finally, we will propose a dialogue to evaluate paths and challenges between the theology of citizenship and Bonhoeffer s ethics of responsibility. As a result, this work hopes to emphasize points of contact that privilege ethical/responsible theological actions in society for the common good and the valorization of the human being.