This work focused on the development of a test to assess syntactic processing in language comprehension in aging. This test aims to help in the diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), a condition that can progress to Alzheimer s Disease (AD). Thus, the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in aging can offer a better prognosis for the patient, based on medical follow-up and neuropsychological rehabilitation. It is known that one that greatest risk factor for AD is advancing age. This research is very relevant because the world population has been aging at an accelerated pace and because there is a huge lack of an assessment instrument aimed at syntactic processing in aging, mainly due to the lack of a test in Brazilian Portuguese. A systematic review carried out on the PubMed, LILACS and SciELO platforms revealed that over the last 5 years very few studies have evaluated the syntactic processing of patients with MCI. And the number of studies that considered the processing of syntactically complex sentences is even smaller. Therefore, in this work, we present a prototype of a test of comprehension of sentences that vary in level of syntactic complexity, developed on the basis of research in the fields of Psycholinguistics and Clinical Neuropsychology. It is a sentence-picture matching task, in which participants must evaluate the correspondence between the sentence and the correct illustration. This test explores the comprehension of sentences with subject and object relative clause; subject and object interrogatives; sentences with subject and object topicalization; reversible (implausible and neutral) and irreversible passive sentences; structures with perspective verb; and reversible and irreversible active sentences. As the literature reports, even in healthy aging, a decline in the processing of more complex syntactic structures is expected, which entail greater cognitive demand. In a context of unhealthy aging, this decline would be more accentuated and evident. Therefore, this test can be a promising measure in the detection of a MCI that affects the language domain. A pilot study was conducted with a group of 43 younger adults and a group of 10 elderly people without cognitive impairment, to evaluate the functionality of the developed test. Both groups performed the image identification task without difficulties, with a similar average time and a low percentage of errors, which occurred with the most complex structures of the set of the examined sentences. Therefore, the pilot study results suggest that the test can be a sensitive measure in the evaluation of syntactic processing in sentence comprehension by adults and the elderly.